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PSLE Math Formula & Heuristics Cheat Sheet

The formulas and model-method moves that actually come up across P6 Math topics, on one page. Print it, stick it on the wall.

Whole Numbers

Sum = addend + addend
Product = factor × factor

Check for "left over" wording (subtraction) vs "altogether"/"in total" (addition) — the most common misread in word problems.

Fractions

a/b × c/d = (a×c)/(b×d)
a/b ÷ c/d = a/b × d/c

"Of" almost always means multiply. Draw the whole as one bar model and shade the fraction before doing arithmetic.

Decimals

Align decimal points before + / −

For money problems, work in cents first if the numbers feel awkward, then convert back to dollars at the end.

Percentage

Percentage = (Part ÷ Whole) × 100%
Discounted price = Price × (1 − discount%)

"Percentage more/less than" changes the base — always re-check what 100% refers to in that specific sentence.

Ratio

If a : b = m : n, then 1 unit = total ÷ (m+n)

Convert ratio to "units" first, find the value of 1 unit, then scale up — this single move solves most ratio word problems.

Speed, Distance & Time

Speed = Distance ÷ Time
Distance = Speed × Time
Time = Distance ÷ Speed

Keep units consistent (all in hours or all in minutes) before dividing — the single biggest source of wrong answers here.

Area & Volume

Rectangle area = length × width
Triangle area = ½ × base × height
Cuboid volume = length × width × height

Always write the unit (m², cm³) in the final answer — a bare number is marked wrong even if the value is right.

Data Analysis

Average = Sum of values ÷ Number of values
Mode = the value that appears most often

Read the table or graph's axis labels and units carefully before pulling any number into a calculation.

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